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Visas & residence permits

Which permit applies to you as a Spanish citizen, and how to get it, under the EU-Switzerland Free Movement Agreement.

The good news first

As an EU citizen, you don't need a visa to enter Switzerland, and no company needs to "sponsor" your permit. The quota system only applies to non-EU/EFTA nationals. Your process is mostly a matter of registration, not discretionary approval.

The permits you might need

Permit L — short-term residence

Issued when your work contract runs between 3 months and 1 year. Its validity is tied to your contract length and can be renewed if the contract is extended, or converted into a Permit B if it becomes open-ended or lasts over a year.

Permit B — long-term residence

The "standard" permit for anyone arriving with an open-ended contract or one lasting a year or more. It's valid for an initial 5 years (renewable) and lets you change jobs or even cantons with relative freedom — unlike workers from outside the EU.

Permit C — settlement

The permanent permit. Generally, after 5 continuous years of residence under a Permit B (sometimes 10, depending on the canton and other factors), you can apply for a Permit C, which removes nearly all restrictions and doesn't depend on having a job.

Permit G — cross-border commuter

For people who live in a neighboring country (France, Italy, Germany, Austria) and commute into Switzerland for work without living there. Doesn't apply if you're moving permanently, but it's a real option if you're considering living near the border — for example, in areas of France close to Geneva.

If you don't have a contract yet

As an EU citizen you can enter Switzerland and actively look for work for up to 3 months without a permit. If you register as a jobseeker with the cantonal authorities, this period can be extended up to a maximum of 6 months total while you show you're still actively searching and have means of support. As soon as you sign a contract, you start the process for the matching L or B permit.

Self-employment

The Free Movement Agreement also covers the self-employed, but the process is more demanding: you must show the cantonal office that your activity is real and viable (contracts, potential clients, business plan, projected income). Simply declaring intent isn't enough.

Where and when to apply

The permit isn't requested at a consulate or before you travel — it's applied for once you're in Switzerland, at the Contrôle des habitants / Einwohnerkontrolle / Ufficio controllo abitanti of the municipality where you'll live, usually within 14 days of your arrival (this is the same process as municipal registration — see the documents guide).

PermitSituationDurationRenewal
L3–12 month contractSame as contractYes, or converts to B
B≥1 year or open-ended contract5 yearsYes, automatic if you keep employment/resources
CSettled residencePermanentNot applicable
GCross-border commuter (lives outside CH)5 yearsYes

Not sure which one applies to you?

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